Image Gallery Recommended image resources: Digital Public Library of America, Artstor (UCI access only), Empire Online (UCI access only), The Getty Research Institute, The Internet Archive Maps Timeline The Aesthetics of Ruins Architectural Ruins – A Vision, by Joseph Gandy.Visit: © Sir John Soane’s Museum, London Bird’s-eye View of the Bank of England [‘The Bank in Ruins’], by Joseph Gandy. Visit: ©Sir John Soane’s Museum, London Lake Avernus: Aeneas and the Cumaean Sibyl, by J. M. W. Turner, 1814-15. Visit: Yale Center for British Art The Course of Empire: The Savage State, by Thomas Cole. Visit: Collection of the New-York Historical Society. The Course of Empire: The Arcadian or Pastoral State, by Thomas Cole. Visit: Collection of the New-York Historical Society. The Course of Empire: Consummation, by Thomas Cole. Visit: Collection of the New-York Historical Society. The Course of Empire: Destruction, by Thomas Cole. Visit: Collection of the New-York Historical Society. The Course of Empire: Desolation, by Thomas Cole. Visit: Collection of the New-York Historical Society. Imaginary View of the Grand Gallery of the Louvre in Ruins, by Hubert Robert, 1796.Visit: The Louvre View of Ripetta, by Hubert Robert, 1766. Visit: Beaux-Arts de Paris The Fire of Rome, by Hubert Robert, ca. 1771. Visit: Google Arts & Culture The Ponte Salario, by Hubert Robert, c. 1775. Visit: National Gallery of Art View of the Tomb of Licinianus Piso on the ancient Appian Way… , by Giovanni Battista Piranesi, 1760-1778. Visit: LACMA View of the Flavian Amphitheater Known as the Colosseum, by Giovanni Battista Piranesi, ca. 1757.Visit: archive.org Interior View of the Temple … to Juno, from Different Views of Paestum, by Giovanni Battista Piranesi, 1778. Visit: Hathi Trust Obelisco Egizio, by Giovanni Piranesi, ca. 1748-51. Visit: The New York Public Library View of the Arch of Constantine with the Colosseum, by Giovanni Antonio Canal (Canaletto), 1742-45. Visit: J. Paul Getty Museum Capriccio with ruined arch and riverbank, by Francesco Guardi, 18th century. Visit: Wikimedia Commons Fantastic Landscape, by Francesco Guardi, ca. 1765. Visit: The Metropolitan Museum The Ruins of the Old Kreuzkirche, Dresden, by Bernardo Bellotto, 1765. Visit: Google Arts & Culture A View of the South Side of the Ruins at Kew, etching by William Woollett after a drawing by Joshua Kirby, 1763. Visit: British Museum Frontispiece for Rousseau’s Discourse on the Sciences and Arts, engraving by Charles Banquoy, ca. 1750-51. Visit: archive.org Frontispiece to Rousseau’s Discourse on the Origin of Inequality, engraving after a drawing by Charles Eisen, 1755. Visit: archive.org Laocöon, bronze by Giovanni Battista Foggini, ca. 1720. Visit: The Getty Museum Pyramids of Memphis, from Napoleon’s Description de l’Egypte, 1809-17, Vol. V. Visit: Linda Hall Library Winter — Night — Old Age and Death, by Caspar David Friedrich.Visit: Wikimedia Commons The Parthenon, by Frederick Edwin Church, 1871. Visit: Metropolitan Museum of Art Pompeii, by Robert S. Duncanson, 1855.Visit: Smithsonian American Art Museum Landscape with Buildings, by Didier Barra, early 17th century. Visit: Wikipedia Explosion of a Cathedral, by François de Nomé, early 17th century. Visit: Wikipedia Capriccio with Classical Ruins and Buildings, by Canaletto, c. 1750s. Visit: Wikimedia Commons Ancient Column Near Syracuse, by Sarah Cole, c. 1848. Visit: Smithsonian Magazine Babylon Fallen, by Gustave Doré, 1866. Visit: Wikimedia Commons The New Zealander, by Gustave Doré, 1873. Visit: Metropolitan Museum of Art A Ruined Altar and Figures, by Henry Ferguson, late 17th century. Visit: National Galleries Scotland Aeneas and his Family Fleeing Burning Troy, by Henry Gibbs, 1654. Visit: Tate Museum © Tate CC-BY-NC-ND 3.0 (Unported) The Tame Magpie, by Alessandro Magnasco, c. 1707-8.Visit: Metropolitan Museum of Art Banditti at Rest, by Alessandro Magnasco, 1710s. Visit: The Hermitage Museum View of the Baths of Titus, by Giovanni Battista Piranesi, c. 1775. Visit: LACMA Part of a spacious and magnificent Harbor…, by Giovanni Battista Piranesi, c. 1761-late 1780s. Visit: LACMA Stair and Fountain in the Park of a Roman Villa, by Hubert Robert, c. 1775. Visit: LACMA A Hermit Praying in the Ruins of a Roman Temple, by Hubert Robert, c. 1760. Visit: Getty Museum Landscape with Ruins, by Hubert Robert, 1772. Visit: Getty Museum Modern Rome — Campo Vaccino, by J.M.W. Turner, 1839. Visit: Getty Museum Romantic Landscape with a Temple, by Thomas Doughty,Visit: © The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston Ascanius Shooting the Stag of Sylvia, by Claude Lorrain, 1681-2.Visit: © Ashmolean Museum Empires in the Americas American Progress, published by George Crofutt, 1873, after a painting by John Gast. Visit: Library of Congress. Incan kero (Figure 1 in “What Historians Do and Why We Do It,” WH), 15th-16th centuries. Visit: Metropolitan Museum America, engraving by Theodor Galle after a drawing by Jan van der Straet, c. 1580.Visit: National Gallery of Art Engraving in Tordesillas’ Historia general, c. 1611 (Cummins fig. 1). Visit: archive.org Mama Vaco Coia [First quya], from Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala, The First New Chronicle and Good Government, 1615/1616. Visit: The Royal Library, Copenhagen Portrait of Don Marcos Chiguathopa, c. 1745, Museo Inka (Cummins fig. 2).Visit: Vistas: Visual Culture in Spanish America Portrait of Don Alonso Chiguan Topa, c. 1710 (Cummins fig. 3). Visit: Artstor (UCI access only) Kero with feline, rainbow, and man (Cf. Cummins fig. 11). Visit: British Museum Portrait of a Ñusta, c. 1730-1750, Museo Inka (Cummins fig. 4). Visit: Artstor (UCI access only) Virgin of the Mountain, early 18th century. Visit: Casa Nacional de Moneda, Potosí, Bolivia Title of arms granted to Gonzalo Uchu Hualpa and Felipe Tupac Inca Yupanqui, undated copy. Visit: Portal de Archivos Españoles Procession of Corpus Christi, San Sebastián, c. 1675 (Cummins fig. 5). Tempests Mrs Tollemache as Miranda by Joshua Reynolds, 1773/74, Kenwood Collection. Visit: Art UK Ferdinand Courting Miranda [Scene from The Tempest] by William Hogarth, c. 1735, Nostell Priory. Visit: The National Trust Listen: “Full Fathom Five” composed by Robert Johnson. “O Caput Elleboro Dignum,” map of the world in a fool’s cap, c. 1590.Visit: National Library of France Caliban, based on an illustration of Act II Scene 2 by Gustave Doré, late 1800s.Visit: Google Books Caliban. Miranda. Prospero. Engraving by C. W. Sharp based on a design by M. Retzsch, 1875. “The Enchanted Island Before the Cell of Prospero”(Shakespeare, The Tempest, Act 1, Scene 2), engraved by Peter Simon after Henry Fuseli, 1797.Visit: The Metropolitan Museum Miranda–The Tempest by John William Waterhouse, 1916, in private collection. Visit: Wikimedia Commons Ariel and Caliban by David Scott, 1837. Visit: Scottish National Gallery Herbert Beerbohm Tree as Caliban, by Charles Buchel, 1904. Visit: The British Library Caliban, illustration by Kenny Meadows from The Works of Shakspere, edited by Barry Cornwall, Vol. 1, 1846.Visit: Hathi Trust Caliban, engraved and published by John Hamilton Mortimer, 1775. Visit: The Metropolitan Museum Prospero and Miranda, by William Maw Egley, c. 1850. Visit: Footer